Kutanga, kukura kwegirazi
1. Mabviro egirazi reChinese
Nguva yekuonekwa kwegirazi reChinese kazhinji gare gare kupfuura nguva yekuonekwa kwegirazi renyika.
Madzitateguru echiChinese ekare akagadzira porcelain yekare yakakomberedza nguva yekupedzisira yeShang Dynasty, anenge makore 2 000 mushure meMesopotamian yakashandisa nzira yekugadzira girazi.Zvinoenderana netsvagiridzo yazvino, girazi rekutanga muChina rakaonekwa mudunhu reXinjiang.Pamubvunzo wekuti girazi rakagadzirwa muChina, maonero akajairika ndeokuti girazi reChinese rakatanga kutengwa kubva kuWest Asia uye rakaonekwa muChina sechigadzirwa cheumbozha.Mhedziso yekuti girazi remumba muChina rinofanira kuoneka munguva yekupedzisira yeWarring States nguva inotorwa kubva mugirazi rakafukunurwa mumakuva eHunan naHube.
MuChina yekare, girazi rainziwo liuli.Munguva yeHan Dynasty, nekuda kwekupinzwa kwehuwandu hukuru hwemagirazi kubva kuWest Asia budiriro, nhamba yezvigadzirwa zvegirazi zvekumba muChina yakamboderedzwa kana kusanganiswa nezvinhu zvisinganzwisisike, uye iyi tsika yekudyidzana yakavandudzwa muSui. uye Tang dynasties, panguva iyo magirazi mazhinji anofefetwa muChinese tsika yechinyakare akazvarwa.MuRwiyo Rwenziyo, nhamba huru yemidziyo yegirazi yakaunzwa kubva kunyika dzeArab ichiunzwa kuChina, uye midziyo yegirazi izere netsika dzekunze yakatumbuka kwese kwese panyika yekwaamai, ichiita chiitiko chakanakisa chekubatanidzwa kwetsika dzeChinese nedzeMadokero.Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti kunyangwe huwandu hukuru hwekunze hwegirazi hwakaunzwa muChina, pachine misiyano yakakura pakati pekare Chinese glassware uye international glassware.Pamusoro pekusiyana kwemaitiro, musiyano mukuru pakati pekare Chinese glassware ndiko kuumbwa kwegirazi.Panguva iyoyo, kuumbwa kukuru kwegirazi muWest Asia budiriro yaive sodium-calcium silicate zvinhu, nepo China yakashandisa potassium oxide (yakabudiswa kubva mumadota echirimwa) semhepo inoyerera, izvo zvakaita kuti pave nemusiyano wakakura muzvinhu zveChinese girazi rekare uye Western. girazi.
Chechipiri, kushandiswa kwegirazi
1.Modern glass applications
Mumazuva ano, kushandiswa kwegirazi kwakawedzera.Girazi remazuva ano rinogona kungoiswa mugirazi rakatsetseka uye girazi rakakosha.Girazi rakafuratira rinonyanya kukamurwa kuita marudzi matatu: lead-up flat girazi (yakakamurwa kuita marudzi maviri egorofu/hapana groove), flat kudhirowa girazi rakafuratira uye girazi rinoyangarara.Idzi mhando dzegirazi dzine mashandisiro adzo muindasitiri yekushongedza yezvivakwa, indasitiri yemotokari, indasitiri yehunyanzvi uye kunyangwe mauto.Zvinoenderana nekuumbwa kwakasiyana, girazi rinogona kukamurwa kuita quartz girazi, yakakwira silica girazi, lead silicate girazi, sodium calcium girazi, aluminium silicate girazi, borosilicate girazi, potassium girazi zvichingodaro.Mhando dzose dzegirazi dzine mashandisirwo adzo, senge sodium-calcium girazi inogona kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwegirazi rakatsetseka, glassware uye magirobhu emwenje;Lead silicate girazi rinoshandiswa senge vacuum chubhu musimboti nekuda kwekunyorova kwayo kwesimbi, uye rinoshandiswawo kuvharisa mwaranzi nekuti lead inogona kuvharisa radioactive zvinhu.Borosilicate girasi ndiyo yekutanga sarudzo yemakemikari ekuyedza girazi nekuda kwesimba rayo rakakura uye kusagadzikana kwekuora.
Chechitatu, ramangwana regirazi
1. Tarisiro yeramangwana yegirazi yeunyanzvi uye girazi rekushongedza
Imwe yenzvimbo huru dzemazuva ano magirazi ekushandisa igirazi rehunyanzvi uye girazi rekushongedza.Girazi rakabvisa yekutanga kutsvaga kweanoshanda cheni, yakatanga kushongedza budiriro.Mushure mekunge situdiyo yegirazi yazara muhuwandu, zvigadzirwa zvegirazi zvinoyevedza zvakatanga kubuda, zvigadziko zvemwenje, zvishongo zvegirazi, zvidhori zvegirazi uye kunyange zvidhori zvegirazi zvine mavara.Zvinhu zvinosanganisirwa mugirazi remifananidzo zvakakura semota, zvivakwa, zvivezwa zvegadheni, uye zvidiki semadhiiri ewachi, mafuremu egirazi, uye nharembozha.Girazi rinogonawo kushandiswa sema rhinestones kutsiva madhaimani anodhura, uye “madhaimondi” anoonekwa pamatrinkets nhasi anonyanya kuve ane mavara rhinestones akagadzirwa negirazi.
Nekuvandudza mune ramangwana regirazi remifananidzo, ini pachangu ndinokurudzira zvinotevera:
1. Girazi reunyanzvi uye girazi rekushongedza rinofanira kuterera kufemero nekugadzira, kuomerera kune rakasiyana rekugadzira dhizaini, uye kuunza vanhu mabiko ekuona.
2, gadzirisa chimiro chegirazi che art, dzikisa mutengo wekuwedzera kubuda kwegirazi reunyanzvi.
3, gadzira zviyero zveindasitiri, kuitira kuti girazi reunyanzvi rive rakamisikidzwa dhizaini nekugadzira, kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira uye zvimwe zviitiko.
4, mukugadzirwa kwegirazi regirazi uye yekushongedza girazi mune yepamusoro-tech, kuitira kuti girazi kugadzira tekinoroji kune imwe nhanho, zviri nani kusimudzira indasitiri.
Iyo yakawanda-inoshanda uye inoumbwa yegirazi yegirazi uye yekushongedza girazi ndeyekuzadzisa zvinodiwa neThe Times, senge girazi rekushongedza rakagadzirirwa nekubatanidza solar maseru ane mavara egirazi machira emadziro haingoshandisi simba rezuva chete asiwo kushandiswa seasiri- rusvingo runotakura mutoro, asiwo tamba basa rekushongedza, kuuraya shiri mbiri nebwe rimwe
2. Girazi rinokosha
Girazi rakakosha rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo, mauto, zvekurapa, zvemagetsi, chemistry, kuvaka uye mamwe minda, imwe neimwe ine yayo hunhu.Zvakadai segirazi rinopisa (simba coefficient yakakura, haisi nyore kuputsika, kunyangwe ikatyoka haizogadziri zvidimbu zvinopinza kuti zvikuvadze muviri wemunhu), girazi rakagadzirwa (opaque, rinowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo dzinoda kurapwa, sezvimbuzi), waya girazi. (inowanzo shandiswa muindastiri yekuvaka, isiri nyore kuputsika kana yakabatwa), insulating girazi (sound insulation effect yakanaka), bulletproof glass (high simba girazi, girazi, etc.) Inogona kuderera bullet, vimbiso yekuchengetedza) nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Pamusoro pezvo, marudzi matsva akasiyana egirazi akaumbwa nekubatanidza zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana zvemakemikari anewo huwandu hwakawanda hwetariro yekushandisa.Kusanganisira iyo yakambotaurwa yakakwira silica girazi, lead silicate girazi, sodium karusiyamu girazi, aruminiyamu silicate girazi, borosilicate girazi, potassium girazi, nezvimwewo, iko zvino kutariswa kwegirazi idzva nesimbi nheyo girazi.Ferrous girazi imhando yeamorphous zvinhu zvinonyanya kugadzirwa nesimbi, uye hapana kristaro hurema hwakadai sepamusoro, chinzvimbo uye poindi.Iine zvimiro zvemhando yepamusoro senge yakakwira elasticity, kusimba kwepamusoro, corrosion resistance, kukanganisa kupikisa, kutonhora uye kupisa kupisa, nezvimwewo, uye ine tarisiro yakafara yekushandiswa mukugadzirwa kweoiri negesi.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-07-2023