Girazi rakazvarwa muEgypt, rakaonekwa uye rakashandiswa, uye rine nhoroondo yemakore anopfuura 4,000.Girazi rekutengesa rakatanga kuonekwa muzana remakore rechi12 AD.Kubva ipapo, nekuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri, girazi rave zvishoma nezvishoma chinhu chakakosha muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, uye kushandiswa kwegirazi remukati kuri kuwedzerawo.zvakasiyana-siyana.Muzana remakore rechi18, kuitira kuti zvidikanwe pakugadzira materesikopu, girazi rinoona rakagadzirwa.Muna 1874, girazi rakatsetseka rakatanga kubudiswa muBelgium.Muna 1906, United States yakagadzira muchina wegirazi wakatsetseka.Kubva ipapo, neindasitiri uye chiyero chekugadzirwa kwegirazi, magirazi ane akasiyana mashandisiro uye maitiro akabuda rimwe mushure meimwe.Munguva dzazvino, girazi rave chinhu chakakosha muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kugadzirwa uye sainzi uye tekinoroji.
Makore anopfuura 3 000 apfuura, imwe ngarava yezvokutengeserana yokuFenikiya yokuEurope yakazadzwa nemaminerari ecrystal “soda chaiyo” ikafamba muRwizi rweBeluth ichitevedza Gungwa reMediterranean.Nekuda kwekuderera kwegungwa, chikepe chevatengesi chakanyura pasi, saka vashandi vakakwira mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mumwe pashure pomumwe.Vamwe vashandi vakaunzawo hari huru nehuni, uye vakashandisa zvimedu zvishoma zve "soda chaiyo" sechitsigiro chepoto huru yekubikira pamhenderekedzo yegungwa.
Apo vashandi vakapedza kudya kwavo, mafungu akatanga kukwira.Apo vakanga voda kurongedza ndokukwira ngarava kuti vapfuurire kufamba, mumwe munhu kamwe kamwe akadanidzira, kuti: “Munhu ari wose, uyai muone, pane zvinhu zvinopenya nekristaro zvinopenya pajecha riri pasi pehari!”
Vashandi vakaendesa zvinhu izvi zvinopenya kungarava ndokuzvinzvera nokungwarira.Vakaona kuti jecha requartz nesoda yakanyunguduka zvakanamatira kune izvi zvinhu zvinopenya.Zvinoratidza kuti zvinhu zvinopenya izvi isoda chaiyo yavaishandisa kugadzira hari pavaibika.Pasi pechiito chemurazvo, vakaita zvemakemikari nejecha requartz pamhenderekedzo yegungwa.Iri ndiro girazi rekutanga.Gare gare, vaFenikiya vakabatanidza jecha requartz nesoda chaiyo, ndokuzvinyungudusa muchoto chomoto kuti vagadzire mabhora egirazi, izvo zvakaita kuti vaFenikiya vawane mari.
Munenge muzana remakore rechina, vaRoma vekare vakatanga kuisa magirazi kumasuo nemahwindo.Pakazosvika 1291, tekinoroji yekugadzira magirazi yeItaly yakanga yave kugadzirwa zvakanyanya.
Nenzira iyi, mhizha dzegirazi dzeItaly dzakatumirwa kune chimwe chitsuwa chiri kure kuti chibudise magirazi, uye havana kubvumirwa kubva pachitsuwa ichi munguva yehupenyu hwavo.
Muna 1688, mumwe murume anonzi Nuff akagadzira nzira yekugadzira zvimedu zvakakura zvegirazi, uye kubva ipapo, girazi rave chinhu chakajairika.
Kwemazana emakore, vanhu vave vachitenda kuti girazi rakasvibirira uye harigoni kuchinjwa.Yakazoonekwa gare gare kuti ruvara rwegirinhi rwunobva muchidimbu chesimbi mune yakasvibirira, uye musanganiswa weiron iron inoita kuti girazi rioneke rakasvibira.Mushure mekuwedzera manganese dioxide, iyo yekutanga divalent iron inoshanduka kuita trivalent iron uye inoshanduka yero, nepo tetravalent manganese inoderedzwa kuita trivalent manganese uye inoshanduka yepepuru.Optically, yero uye yepepuru inogona kubatanidza kune imwe nhanho.Pavanosanganiswa pamwe chete kuti vagadzire chiedza chichena, girazi harizove nekukanda kwemavara.Nekudaro, mushure memakore akati wandei, iyo trivalent manganese icharamba ichiitwa oxidized nemhepo, uye iyo yero ruvara ichawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, saka hwindo regirazi redzimba dzekare richave rakatsvuka zvishoma.
Nguva yekutumira: May-11-2023
